The use of chemical restraint in helicopter transport

Introduction: Helicopter transport of the combative patient is a major safety hazard facing air medical teams. Although physical restraints alone are helpful, the addition of chemical restraint (CR) often is necessary to control these patients while in flight.

Methods: A survey was conducted to determine the current practices of using nonparalyzing CR in air medical transport programs nationwide. The survey consisted of 24 questions on the use of CR during transport. Each U.S. program belonging to the Association of Air Medical Services was contacted by telephone, and a flight nurse or paramedic provided answers based on personal experience and statistics compiled by his or her individual program.

Results: Of the 100 programs responding, benzodiazepines were used most commonly to control agitation with 51% using midazolam. Patients with a head injury required CR more frequently than any other condition (73%). Crews flying larger aircraft reported less need for CR. A physician order was required by only 30% of the programs, but delays infrequently endangered the patient (2%). Only 7% of the responding programs had a patient whose condition deteriorated because of CR.

Conclusion: CR is necessary in air medical transport. Most programs use short-acting benzodiazepines. Crews in smaller aircraft use CR more frequently, and head injury is the most common condition requiring such restraint.     

分子流行病学在职业性致癌研究中的应用

作者综合描述了分子流行病学基本概念的主要内容与传统流行病学的差异。阐明：１．分子流行病学是分子生物学与流行病学相结合的边缘科学;２．化学致癌物在体内的生成量及其与生物大分子结合的生物有效量与癌症发生有关;３．染色体异常综合症是癌症早期的生物效应;癌基因激活,抗癌基因失活是被启动了的细胞恶性转化所必须的;４．先天和后天获得的宿主因素可影响人体对致癌剂的易感性;５．建立生物样品库,进行前瞻队列研究可提供连续性观察结果及癌前癌后比较,为因果关系的时间顺序提供有效的依据     

妇科癌症病人化疗期间呕吐的心理疗法

目的呕吐是癌症患化疗期间常见的症状之一,频繁的呕吐不仅给患带来痛苦,而且影响生活质量,甚至迫使患中止化疗;方法对100例妇科癌症病人采取有效的。理疗法或。理疗法加药物疗法;结果呕吐的发生率与单纯应用止吐药物患相比P<0．05,差异有显性;结论妇科癌症病人化疗期间呕吐的B理疗法或B理疗法结合药物疗法明显强于单纯药物疗法。     

中西医结合治疗恶性肿瘤化疗后白细胞减少症40例临床观察

目的临床观察中西医结合治疗恶性肿瘤化疗后白细胞减少症的治疗效果;方法78例恶性肿瘤病人随机分为中西医结合治疗组(简称治疗组)40例,单纯西药治疗组(简称对照组)38例。治疗7天为1个疗程,两组病人均服药2个疗程;结果治疗组总有效率为92.50％,对照组总有效率为76．28％,治疗组白细胞恢复时间,临床症状改善程度等方面明显优于对照组(P<0．05);结论提示中西医结合治疗能有效减轻化疗对骨髓造血功能的抑制,升高白细胞作用显。     

铁路危险品货运站空气污染物的致遗传毒性作用研究

采用ＳＯＳ／ｕｍｕ 试验和ＳＯＳ 原位试验,对铁路危险品货运站（ 以下简称危货站） 空气污染物的致遗传毒性进行了研究。结果表明：在不加Ｓ９ 活化系统的条件下,危货站空气污染颗粒提取物具有致遗传毒性作用,可使ＴＡ１５３５／ＰＳＫ１００２ 菌株产生β半乳糖苷酶的量增加,并存在剂量—反应关系;加入Ｓ９ 活化系统后,则ＳＯＳ／ｕｍｕ 试验阴性。同时,应用ＳＯＳ 原位法,对危货站空气污染的综合致遗传毒性进行了现场监测。结果显示,随采样体积的增加,β半乳糖苷酶的量也增加,采样体积与酶诱导率之间,存在剂量—反应关系。     

Current Status and Future Prospects of Transdermal Drug Delivery

Pharmaceutical Research -     

Multiple chemical sensitivities: an overview

At the present time multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS) is generally acknowledged to be a poorly understood clinical syndrome which is exhibited by individuals exposed to low levels of exposure to environmental agents that the general population tolerate quite well. A wide range of individual symptoms (typically multiple and related to neurologic, endocrine/metabolic, and immunological, often occurring simultaneously) are displayed by MCS patients. Questions concerning whether or not MCS is a real clinical condition, a form of psychiatric illness or a combination of both remain to be unambiguously clarified.     

Solubilization and Stabilization of a Benzylpenicillin Chemical Delivery System by 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

A dihydropyridine pyridinium salt redox carrier-based chemical delivery system for benzylpenicillin (1) was complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin (HPCD). The solubility of the lipophilic 1, which is incompatible with aqueous formulations, was dramatically increased and showed a linear dependency on the HPCD concentration. The degree of incorporation was 20 mg of 1 per g of complex. The stability study of 1 in various pH buffers indicated the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of the acyloxyalkyl linkage and the hydration of the 5,6 double bond of the dihydropyridine as the main degradation processes. The overall loss of 1, which follows first-order kinetics, was not influenced by changes in ionic strength and elimination of oxygen from the reaction medium. The HPCD complex of 1, which has a stability constant of 720–940 M ^–1, stabilized the chemical delivery system. The influence of the temperature on the stability of 1 is also discussed.     

益母草的化学、药理和临床研究进展

查阅近20年有关文献，对益母草的化学成分、药理作用、临床应用研究进展进行综述。益母草主要含有生物碱类、黄酮类、二萜类、脂肪酸类、挥发油类等化合物；药理作用研究证明其具有调经止血、保护心肌缺血再灌注损伤、抗血小板聚集、降低血液黏度等作用；在临床上常用来治疗流产后出血、冠心病、心肌缺血、高黏血症、痛经等疾病。益母草具有广泛的药理活性，对其药效学物质基础进行深入研究和开发，将具有重要意义。     

藏药花锚中新化学成分的鉴定

目的 分离并鉴定高原植物椭圆叶花锚Halenia elliptica全草中的化学成分。方法 采用元素分析（EA），核磁共振波谱（NMR），质谱（MS），红外光谱（IR），紫外光谱（UV），差示扫描量热（DSC）等分析方法，测定其理化常数和波谱数据，鉴定其化学结构，结果 确证从椭圆叶花锚中所得到的两种针状结晶化合物，分别为1-羟基-3，7，8-三甲氧基Shan酮（1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone)和1，7-二羟基-3，8-二甲氧基Shan酮（1，7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyxanthone)。结论 上述两种Shan酮衍生物为首次从藏药花锚中分离得到。